Hi, the causes of pleural effusion are bacterial pneumonia, cancer, viral infection,tuberculosis (this is the most common cause of pleural effusion in some developing countries)left ventricular failure, pulmonary embolism, and cirrhosis, autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus etc
Repeated effusions are generally treated with chemicals (talc, bleomycin, tetracycline etc) or surgical
pleurodesis, where the two pleural surfaces are adhered to each other so that no fluid can accu