multiple injections are often necessary to achieve complete ablation, and adverse effects are not uncommon (pain,
ethanol seepage outside the nodule,
and rarer events, such as transient thyrotoxicosis
and recurrent laryngeal nerve damage).
Effectiveness
The vast majority of data published on PEI of thyroid nodules come from noncontrolled trials. In the multicenter study cited above,[66] 429 patients with toxic or autonomously functioning thyroid nodules were treated with PEI (2–12 sessions).