Accumulation of normeperidine occurs more frequently in patients with renal insufficiency and in patients who are receiving meperidine via a patient-controlled analgesia pump.__Severe
adverse effects, such as respiratory depression, may be treated with the opiate antagonist, naloxone.
Psychiatric
Psychiatric side effects include fearfulness, agitation, paranoia, hypervigilance, and auditory and visual hallucinations.
Psychological dependence on meperidine may develop.