Scarring, that can resemble interstitial fibrosis, can occur with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), but COPD and interstitial
pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are 2 different diseases. Smoking causes COPD. The cause of IPF is unknown, and at this time, there is no proven effective treatment for it. Asbestos can also cause scarring, but unlike COPD and IPF, it frequently involves the membrane that encases the lungs, called the pleura.