All of the medications, except for theophylline and
itraconazole, are known to be substrates of CYP3A. When given with grapefruit juice in pharmacokinetic studies their availability increases. In most cases, the clinical consequence of the pharmacokinetic interaction has not been evaluated. However, for midazolam and triazolam, as well as for buspirone, impairment of CNS function was observed, and for the calcium channel blocker felodipine greater blood pressure lowering has been observed.