I am not physically restricted - I walk 1 mile or more day and do 10 minutes of other light exercises most days. My BP runs under 120/80 most of the time. I understand carvedilol helps prevent stiffening of the heart muscle and can help restore LV function to some degree. How specially, so it do this? What is the biochemical mechanism?
What is important is whether the antibodies block or neutralize the biologic action of the med that is important. So what your doc is planning makes a lots of sense. Keep us posted.
I find it amazing how many of us have swallowing difficulties. Coordination of the swallow is governed by the cranial nerves and MS can hit the cranial nerves hard.
The mechanism of action of Campral® (acamprosate calcium) Delayed-Release Tablets in maintenance of alcohol abstinence is not completely understood. Originally, several neurotransmitter systems, including GABA, were investigated for a possible role in Campral's mechanism of action. However, recent evidence suggests Campral's main interaction is with the glutamate system. Chronic alcohol exposure is hypothesized to alter the normal balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition.
http://www.nasdaq.
s neuro considered Copaxone the weakest DMD, or what weakest means. It is a competely different drug from the other 3 DMDs, and its mechanism of action is different.
Also, Rebif and Avonex are exactly the same drug, Interferon Beta-1a. Betaseron is similar but it is a little different, Interferon Beta-1b. I'm no doctor, so I can't explain all the differences, but its different formulation may be one reason for its higher rate of NABs.
For the greatest part these have no effect on the action of the med. Interestingly Copaxone seems to stimulate the most antibody production, but none of these antibodies have been shown to neutralize the Copaxone's effectiveness.
Of the Interferons, Betaseron is the most likely to stimulate neutralizing antibodies. I think the number is as high as 40%. Rebif is the next most likely with something like 23%. Avonex is the least likely with an incidence of NA's of less than 10%.
Plavix has a unique mechanism of action by blocking the amplification of platelet activation by released ADP, and often used with aspirin to prevent the risk of clots for the first year after DES implant. Plavix and aspirin have different mechanism of action to prevent clots. After a year, plavix is usually discontinue as the risk for clots is decreased, and aspirin is continued long term. The risk of a clot is about 3%.
They all have different mechanisms to keep your immune system from attacking your T and B cells. Each works differently. Some block the action, some act as decoys, etc. It is confusing.
Each person with MS is different. I for one am pretty healthy from infections.
HIV is transmitted by;
Unprotected penetrative anal and/or vaginal sex
Sharing works with other IV drug users
Mother to child
You never had an exposure.
Avonex has stood the test of time for thousands of patients, and I would certainly agree with your doctor about your next step in the battle against MS.
It’s fair to be worried about the flu-like side effects of Avonex or other interferons, but there are simple things you can do (which I won’t get into now) to minimize or mitigate those effects.
Potassium is a chemical element and it is part of the electrolyte that should be in balance with other lytes to adequately conduct an electrical impulse that originates with the sinus node in the right atrium. The mechanism of action is not completely understood, but what is when a voltage (unit of potential for conduction) and electrolyte there will conduction and passage of electrical impluses.
re having a discussion on the MS forum about whether one can skip a dose of Avonex to avoid the major side effects during the holiday festivities. Some who take Avonex feel quite sick for a day or two. I'm lucky not to, but still this is a good question. Perhaps you could answer in terms of all 4 DMDs.
Thank you.
Hey babe,
I'm sorry to here your having a rough time at the moment :o( thats not good! I did wonder if the reason behind it though, could be with your changes of medication. Avonex is often switched because of increase of anxiety or depression so if you've already started using it or just about to, it might be worth looking through our 'search this community' pages for Avonex and depression posts.
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/578705
Ribavirin improves early responses to peginterferon through improved interferon signaling.
Gastroenterology. 2010 Jul;139
The therapeutic mechanisms of ribavirin for hepatitis C are unclear. Microarray analyses have shown that ribavirin increases induction of interferon-stimulated genes. We evaluated viral kinetics, serum cytokine expression, and viral mutagenesis during early stages of peginterferon therapy with and without ribavirin.
Seeing an orthodontist is advised.
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