The total CO2 is usually somewhat low as well, (14-19 mMol/L is typical), and if urine is obtained, high levels of
ketones are discovered.
Ketones can also be measured in the blood at the bedside (Medisense glucometer). Other routine tests are normal. If given intravenous fluids with saline and dextrose, the child improves dramatically and is usually restored to normal health within a few hours.
A first episode is usually attributed to a viral infection or acute gastroenteritis.