Livengood
(1) Vanderbilt Pain Control Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, 37212 Nashville, TN, USA
Abstract This article explores psychologic
and psychosocial factors contributing to
chronic pain including
depression, seasonal affective disorder, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and anger.Also included are alexithymia and somatothymia, which are perhaps less easily identified but can have a negative impact on treatment outcome.